... the hypothalamus in humans accounts for only 1/300 of total brain weight, and is about the size of an almond.

The hypothalamus itself is not considered to be a gland and the parts the comprise it. However it is connected to the pituitary which is known for its anterior half (adenohypophysis) to be a gland. Hence in some retrospects it can be interpreted as a gland as it produces the hormones which further enhance the secretion of hormones from the adenohypophysis, yet it is not correct to refer to this structure as a gland.

Pyrogens are substances which can cause a fever. they travel through the bloodstream and activate receptors in the temperature centre within the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus then signals to the rest of the body to increase in heart rate and to counteract this, start shivering.

This rise in temperature indicates we are ill and creates a non-optimum environment for the virus to survive and proliferate in. This mechanism works well in those whith a good immune system and kills of bacteria preventing us from becoming ill.

Panic attack are induced when the body is falsely tricked into responding in a 'fight of flight' manner. This then induces the hypothalamus to produce CRH in the cortisol releasing pathway along with the secretion of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline from the adrenal medulla.

It causes an increase in heart beat, shallow breathing and muscle tension, allowing the body to be more aware of danger to respond efficiently.

A panic attack is a 'false alarm' of the induction of this pathway and is harmless a majority of the time.